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Archives of Disease in Childhood Nov 2007
Review
Topics: Administration, Oral; Antifungal Agents; Fluconazole; Humans; Itraconazole; Recurrence; Tinea Versicolor
PubMed: 17954488
DOI: 10.1136/adc.2007.124958 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Nov 2008
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Tinea Versicolor
PubMed: 19005127
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jan 2002Malassezia species are members of the human cutaneous commensal flora, in addition to causing a wide range of cutaneous and systemic diseases in suitably predisposed... (Review)
Review
Malassezia species are members of the human cutaneous commensal flora, in addition to causing a wide range of cutaneous and systemic diseases in suitably predisposed individuals. Studies examining cellular and humoral immune responses specific to Malassezia species in patients with Malassezia-associated diseases and healthy controls have generally been unable to define significant differences in their immune response. The use of varied antigenic preparations and strains from different Malassezia classifications may partly be responsible for this, although these problems can now be overcome by using techniques based on recent work defining some important antigens and also a new taxonomy for the genus. The finding that the genus Malassezia is immunomodulatory is important in understanding its ability to cause disease. Stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system and activation of the complement cascade contrasts with its ability to suppress cytokine release and downregulate phagocytic uptake and killing. The lipid-rich layer around the yeast appears to be pivotal in this alteration of phenotype. Defining the nonspecific immune response to Malassezia species and the way in which the organisms modulate it may well be the key to understanding how Malassezia species can exist as both commensals and pathogens.
Topics: Dermatomycoses; Fungemia; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Malassezia; Skin; Tinea Versicolor
PubMed: 11781265
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.15.1.21-57.2002 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Sep 1990The number of cases of mycotic infections are increasing, presenting physicians today with an unprecedented challenge in handling the treatment and prophylactic control... (Review)
Review
The number of cases of mycotic infections are increasing, presenting physicians today with an unprecedented challenge in handling the treatment and prophylactic control of these disorders. The increase in mycotic disorders is due to many factors, such as longer life span, organ transplantation, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The pharmaceutical industry is providing physicians with newer, more potent drugs to manage mycoses. An overview of current practice in the use of topical and oral agents, especially ketoconazole, are given in the following specific mycoses: tinea capitis, pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, Trichophyton rubrum infections, vaginal candidiasis, and moist intertriginous tineas. The efficacy of ketoconazole in various vehicles and dosage schedules and of traditional agents such as griseofulvin are discussed with relation to each of the mycoses.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Dermatomycoses; Humans
PubMed: 2212170
DOI: 10.1016/0190-9622(90)70251-c -
Drug Delivery Dec 2022Topical conveyance of antifungal agents like itraconazole ITZ has been giving good grounds for expecting felicitous antifungal medicines. The defiance of topical...
Topical conveyance of antifungal agents like itraconazole ITZ has been giving good grounds for expecting felicitous antifungal medicines. The defiance of topical delivery of this poorly water soluble and high-molecular-weight drug, however, mightily entail an adequate vehiculation. ITZ aspasomes, newer antioxidant generation of liposomes, have been designed and enclosed in a cream to ameliorate skin deposition. The proposed creams containing non-formulated ITZ or encapsulated in aspasomes (0.1% or 0.5%) were topically applied in patients with diagnosed diaper dermatitis complicated by candidiasis, tinea corporis (TC), and tinea versicolor (TVC). Placebos (void aspasomal cream and cream base) were also utilized. The obtained results for diaper rash revealed that aspasomal cream (0.5% ITZ) was eminent with respect to complete cure and negative candida culture after 10-day therapy relative to counterparts containing 0.1% ITZ aspasomes or non-formulated ITZ (0.1% and 0.5%). For tinea, the same trend was manifested in terms of 'cleared' clinical response in 90% of patients and absence of fungal elements after 4-week treatment. Relative to non-formulated ITZ, ITZ aspasomal cream was endorsed to be auspicious especially when ITZ concentration was lowered to half commercially available cream concentration (1%), pushing further exploitation in other dermal fungal infections.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Humans; Itraconazole; Liposomes; Skin; Tinea
PubMed: 35506466
DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2067601 -
Mycoses Jul 2022Lipophilic basidiomycetous yeasts of the Malassezia genus can cause various skin diseases, such as seborrheic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor, folliculitis and atopic...
BACKGROUND
Lipophilic basidiomycetous yeasts of the Malassezia genus can cause various skin diseases, such as seborrheic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor, folliculitis and atopic dermatitis, and even life-threatening fungemia in newborns and immunocompromised individuals. Routine mycological media used in clinical practice do not contain sufficient lipid ingredients required for the growth of Malassezia species. A recently developed medium, FastFung agar, is promising for culturing fastidious fungal species.
METHODS
In this study, we compared FastFung agar and mDixon agar for culturing Malassezia species from nasolabial fold and retroauricular specimens of 83 healthy individuals and 187 and 57 patients with acne vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis, respectively.
RESULTS
Malassezia species were identified using conventional tests and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry. In total, 96 of 654 samples (14.6%) contained Malassezia species. The total isolation rate was significantly higher in patients with seborrheic dermatitis (40.4%) than in healthy volunteers (21.7%; p < .05), and the rate of M. furfur isolation was significantly higher for patients with acne vulgaris (13.9%) and seborrheic dermatitis (24.6%) than for healthy individuals (1.5%; p < .05). FastFung agar was superior to mDixon agar in M. furfur isolation (p = .004) but showed similar performance in the case of non-M. furfur species (p > .05). Among cultured Malassezia species, perfect agreement between mDixon agar and FastFung agar was found only for M. globosa (κ = 0.90).
CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that FastFung agar favours the growth of Malassezia species and should be useful in clinical mycology laboratories.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Agar; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Malassezia; Skin; Tinea Versicolor
PubMed: 35506984
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13450 -
Archives of Dermatological Research Jul 2023Recurrent and disseminated pityriasis versicolor (RDPV) is a common clinical entity, characterized by its recurrent and disfiguring nature. Studies demonstrated host...
Recurrent and disseminated pityriasis versicolor (RDPV) is a common clinical entity, characterized by its recurrent and disfiguring nature. Studies demonstrated host genetic variations in the immune response, especially the role of IL-17 in antifungal immunity. This study aimed to detect whether IL-17A and F gene polymorphisms are found in cases of RDPV. It included 100 cases of RDPV and 100 age and sex matched controls, from which EDTA blood samples were taken for single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis. IL-17A (rs2275913) and F (rs763780) were associated with a significantly increased incidence of developing RDPV. IL-17A and F gene polymorphism could be implicated as a risk factor for the development of RDPV.
Topics: Humans; Interleukin-17; Tinea Versicolor; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Case-Control Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease
PubMed: 36449073
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02462-9 -
Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi = Japanese... 2003The Japanese Society for Medical Mycology (JSMM) decided in 2002 to establish guidelines for the clinical evaluation of antifungal agents. The JSMM committee presents... (Review)
Review
The Japanese Society for Medical Mycology (JSMM) decided in 2002 to establish guidelines for the clinical evaluation of antifungal agents. The JSMM committee presents here guidelines for the clinical evaluation of topical antifungal agents in the dermatology field. Guidelines for the Clinical Evaluation of Antibiotic Agents established by the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy were referred to, and the diseases subjected to clinical evaluation include tinea (tinea pedis and tinea glabrosa), cutaneous candidiasis, and pityriasis versicolor. Among superficial mycoses, tinea pedis is viewed as the pivotal disease because it is intractable and is the most common. Therefore, the clinical efficacy of antifungal agents for external use in this condition should be established, and tinea pedis is subjected to phase III clinical studies. If efficacy of the antifungal agents is confirmed in the treatment of tinea pedis, a comparative study need not necessarily be performed for tinea glabrosa. If the number of patients is adequate for statistical analysis, a comparative study should be considered for both cutaneous candidiasis and pityriasis versicolor. However, if the number of patients is low, the efficacy of the agents should be evaluated based on their antifungal activity on pathogens and the results of open trials, and a comparative study is not necessarily performed for such diseases. The safety should be strictly evaluated.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antifungal Agents; Dermatomycoses; Drug Evaluation; Guidelines as Topic; Humans
PubMed: 12748593
DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.44.115 -
Clinical and Translational Medicine Sep 2021Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Overexpression of pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) is associated...
BACKGROUND
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Overexpression of pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) is associated with tumorigenesis. However, its function in HCC is unclear, and there are currently no anti-HCC drugs that target PLAGL2. Drug repositioning may facilitate the development of PLAGL2-targeted drug candidates.
METHODS
The expression of PLAGL2 in HCC clinical tissue samples and HCC cell lines was analyzed by western blotting. The constructed HCC cell models were used to confirm the underlying function of PLAGL2 as a therapeutic target. Multiple in vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to determine the anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of selenium sulfide (SeS ), which is clinically used for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis and tinea versicolor.
RESULTS
PLAGL2 expression was higher in HCC tumor tissues than in normal adjacent tissues. Its overexpression promoted the resistance of HCC cells of mitochondrial apoptosis through the regulation of the downstream C-MET/STAT3 signaling axis. SeS exerted significant anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects on HCC cells in a PLAGL2-dependent manner. Mechanistically, SeS suppressed C-MET/STAT3, AKT/mTOR, and MAPK signaling and triggered Bcl-2/Cyto C/Caspase-mediated intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data reveal an important role of PLAGL2 in apoptosis resistance in HCC and highlight the potential of using SeS as a PLAGL2 inhibitor in patients with HCC.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Line, Tumor; DNA-Binding Proteins; Humans; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Mice; Mice, Nude; Mitochondria; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; RNA-Binding Proteins; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Selenium Compounds; Signal Transduction; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 34586726
DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.536 -
American Family Physician Nov 2003Nevi, or moles, are localized nevocytic tumors. The American Cancer Society's "ABCD" rules are useful for differentiating a benign nevus from malignant melanoma. While... (Review)
Review
Common hyperpigmentation disorders in adults: Part II. Melanoma, seborrheic keratoses, acanthosis nigricans, melasma, diabetic dermopathy, tinea versicolor, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Nevi, or moles, are localized nevocytic tumors. The American Cancer Society's "ABCD" rules are useful for differentiating a benign nevus from malignant melanoma. While acanthosis nigricans may signal an underlying malignancy (e.g., gastrointestinal tumor), it more often is associated with insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome) or obesity. Melasma is a facial hyperpigmentation resulting from the stimulation of melanocytes by endogenous or exogenous estrogen. Treatments for melasma include bleaching agents, laser therapy, and a new medication that combines hydroquinone, tretinoin, and fluocinolone acetonide. Lesions that develop on the shins of patients with diabetic dermopathy often resolve spontaneously; no treatment is effective or recommended. Tinea versicolor responds to treatment with selenium sulfide shampoo and topical or oral antifungal agents. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation can occur in persons of any age after trauma, skin irritation, or dermatoses.
Topics: Acanthosis Nigricans; Adult; Child; Diabetes Complications; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Inflammation; Male; Melanoma; Nevus; Pregnancy; Tinea Versicolor
PubMed: 14655805
DOI: No ID Found